Double Cross

Silver ornaments represent an important part of early exchange between Europeans, including fur traders, and first nations people, especially in Eastern and Central Canada and the USA. Initially, the main sources of silver were British, French, and Spanish coins. Most ornaments were produced by silversmiths of European origin in North America and Europe, and were actively traded only from 1760 to 1821. By the mid-18th century silver objects were produced in New England, Quebec and Montreal. Silver was used by first nations people as a sign of rank. Silver ornaments in these styles continue to be produced by native silversmiths in Central Canada and the USA. The cross was the oldest form of trade silver, introduced by French missionaries to North America for presentation to converts. Crosses were later used as trade silver with no religious connotations. They circulated well into the 19th century, and were worn on the chest.

trade; personal ornamentation; political alliance

Roulette engraving produces a uniform zigzag, an identifying feature of the technique, and is created by using a revolving disk with sharp teeth.

A Lorraine Cross with double rounded terminals on the bars and at the bottom. The top has a cloverleaf terminal with a hole in the centre. Zigzag engraving in two sizes on the surface and a cross. Maker's mark is stamped on the base of the cross.